BENS+PAGE

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Welcome to Bens page!

This page is hopefully going to explain some of your questions about space

FACTS:
 * THE EARTH REVOLVES AROUND THE SUN
 * THE FIRST THING IN SPACE WAS A DOG
 * THE RUSSIANS WERE IN SPACE FIRST
 * THE AMERICANS REACHED THE MOON IN 1969
 * ALBERT EINSTEINS THEORY OF RELATIVITY HELPED US GREATLY WITH SPACE EXPLORATION
 * PEOPLE BELIEVE THERE ARE FOUR DIMENSIONS IN SPACE
 * ONLY THREE OF THEM ARE VISIBLE, THE OTHER ONE IS TIME
 * A SPACESHIP GOES SO FAST THAT IT CAN GO AROUND THE WORLD IN 90 MINUTES
 * IN SPACE THERE IS NO AIR, SO IT IS IMPOSSIBLE FOR THERE TO BE FIRE OUTSIDE THE ATMOSPHERE


 * //SPACETIME//**

Describing spacetime Spacetime was interpreted from Einstein’s theory of relativity, something that comes up a lot in the area of the universe. Spacetime is actually a mathematical term describing area. The picture above is a 2 dimensional analogy of disrupted spacetime. Disrupted spacetime is when matter interrupts the spacetime area. The earth and everything inside it (the matter) is disrupting spacetime. Me typing this up is disrupting the spacetime, driving somewhere is disrupting spacetime; in fact doing anything is disrupting spacetime. It may not be disrupting it as hugely as the earth rotating or a solar flare, but it still is disrupting it. However if the earth wasn’t there the spacetime would be completely flat.

THINGS IN SPACE: SATELITES PLANETS STARS BLACK HOLES WATER EMPTY SPACE EXPLODING SUNS PEOPLE LIFE............... MONKEYS!!! DOGS!!!!!



Aurora Borealis Aurora Borealis(Or the Northern Lights) are one of the worlds greatest phenomenon. They only occur in certain years and are caused by the sun, which is strange because it happens at night.If you are lucky enough to see this great wonder, you have to be in a certain part of the world. To be honest the Northern Lights are only really viewable from the north or south pole. The Northen Lights usually happen during the peak of the suns eleven year sunspot cycle. They are caused by the solar flares that come from the sun during the suncycle, and the radioactive waves from it cause the magnificent wonder that is, the Northern Lights.

Alaska New Zealand

Einsteins theory of relativity E=MC2 ​ Einsteins theory of relativity is something that comes up alot in our unit, but why? ​Mainly for arond 3 things, for one, he personally tried to explain a bit about a wormhole, which today are being investigated and there are lots of people still trying to figure out how they work. For two, he explained a bit about motion and how space curves in the bit about motion. Tis bit was called the //Einstein Equations.// Since the Equations of General Relativity are non-linear, (a lump of energy made out of pure gravitational fields) like a black hole would move on a path which is determined by the Einstein equations themselves, not by a new theory. So Einstein said that the path of a singular solution, like a black hole, would be determined to be a geodesic* from general relativity itself. To start of three im only going to use one word, one extremely complicated word. //Cosomology.// During world war 1 Einstein used his theory of relativity to model the universe as one giant thing. Einstein wanted the universe to stay the same till eventually time died out, but this did not go with his theory of relativity, Einstein later made some changes to his theory of relativity and if he was right, that meant his model of the universe would become a giant everlasting sphere. And thats cosmology for you.

A solar eclipse, which confirmed Einsteins thought that light bends.
 * The term geodesic comes from geodesy, the science of measuring the size and shape of Earth; in the original sense, a geodesic was the shortest route between two points on the Earth's Surface, namely, a segment of a great circle. The term has been generalized to include measurements in much more general mathematical spaces; for example, in graph theory, someone might consider a geodesic between two corners of a graph.​

The planets The Dwarf Planets
 * Mercury
 * Venus
 * Earth
 * Mars
 * Jupiter
 * Saturn
 * Uranus
 * Neptune
 * Ceres
 * Pluto
 * Haumea
 * Makemake
 * Eris



Black Holes; The facts:
 * Black holes are invisible
 * There is no way to tell what happens what goes on in a blackhole
 * Black holes distort time
 * The Only way to tell there is a black hole is by the massive swirling dust clouds around it
 * They are only created when a massive star (Supernova) explodes.
 * There are machines on earth that can create black holes
 * These are called particle accelerators
 * They can only create microscopic black holes but a black hole is still a black hole
 * They are called black holes because nothing, including light can escape from them
 * There is an undetectable surface underneath a black hole called an event horizon
 * This marks the point of no return
 * Scientists think that the centre of the milky way is actually a massive balck hole
 * This is a picture that represents The gravitational lensing made by the black hole, distorting whatever is behind it



The Big Bang Theory

The big bang is something that scinetists think started off the universe. They think it happened around 13.7 billion years ago, though since we are greatly limited in space exploration, we only know what is mainly in the solar system. Anything else we may know in the future could be greatly varied from what we know right now. This is because of a massive number of factors, we have absolutely no knowledge of where we are in the universe compared to the centre of the universe. because the big bang happened in the centre of the universe this means that planets closer to the centre will probably be older, and ones that are further away, younger. So a great way to tell if earth is the centre of the universe is if earth is the oldest planet, ever.The big bang is the biggest explosion ever, it created the universe, and because of it the universe is still expanding! Imagine that, an explosion so big, that it lasts for over 13 billion years.


 * Nebula **

There are four different major types of nebulas, and im going to be explaining all of them. The first type of Nebula is called a Diffuse Nebulae, These are often mistaken for a similar yet different type of Nebulae called a Gaseous Nebulae because they are so similar looking. The Diffuse Nebulae is made up mostly of three things: Gas, Dust and Interstellar Matter. If these Diffuse Nebulae become large enough they can associate clusters of stars. Scince most of the stars are young, they are extremely hot, sometimes the radiation of the stras can make the gas clouds shine. However, if the stars are not hot enough they only reflect the dust and are usually Blue or white. As most Diffuse Nebulae contain dust they do usually have a reflection component to them. Now im going to explain Planetary Nebulae as best as i can with the resources i have. When a star like our sun has used up all its central nuclear fuel, it finally ejects a significant portion of its mass in a gas-like shell which is then visible in the light emitted by the star. These Nebulae quickly expand and fade while their matter is spread in the interstellar surroundings. Stars which make or sun look like a tiny speck, and have at least 3 solar masses leftleft after their giant state, can most probably not evolve quitely into an end state as a white dwarf, but when coming to age, they explode quite violently which flashes up to something 10 billion times brighter then the suncalled supernova (of type II) and ejecting the very greatest part of the stellar matter in a violently expanding shell. Alternatively, infalling matter on a white dwarf star can cause it to explode as a supernova of type I. and this causes the leftovers cause a Suernova Remanant Nebula.Although none of them is in Messier's catalog, some of these objects are conspicuous. Unlike the others, the bright nebulae, these dust clouds are only visible by the absorption of light from objects behind them. They are distinguished from diffuse nebula mainly because they happen to be not illuminated by embedded or nearby stars.

My Student Question: What​ are supernovas and how have they and how will they affect us? SUPERNOVA ** Why do supernovas occur? What happens to a supernova after it explodes? What are they? How do astronomers study them? Does it affect us at all? What is a supernova before it explodes? These are the questions I hope to answer and maybe I’ll look into where scientists are at with supernovas at the moment. **


 * First Question: What is a supernova before it explodes? **
 * A supernova before it explodes is very simply a star. Nothing smaller, nothing bigger, just a star. But I’m going to go a little deeper; I’m going to go way back to when a star is born. Scientists and astronomers think that dense clouds of dust, otherwise known as Nebulas are the birthplace of stars. And Nebulas can be the death place of stars, so in a way, when stars die, they create other stars. For the main bit of its life a star is in a phase called the main sequence phase. After this a normal star will lose all its hydrogen from the core the hydrogen will just expand and turn it in to the star that is called a red giant. When this happens to our sun its atmosphere will close in on the earth and everyone on the Earth will die. No need to worry about the earth getting sucked into a black hole, were just going to get eaten by the sun. **


 * Second Paragraph: Supernovas, a basic definition **
 * Supernovas are exploding suns, very big suns, but just exploding suns. They represent the very final stage of what happens to stars and when they go off, they really go off. Supernovas really happen extremely rarely and since they only happen to such large stars and since its their final burst they actually give off 41666666666666666666666666666.667 kilograms of energy in that explosion!!!!! **
 * (That’s 30 Digits!!!!!)Our sun will not end its life as a supernova, but we wouldn’t need that to kill us as I explained in the previous paragraph. As of January 1st 1998, 1270 supernovas have been discovered by human beings. Even if most of them were no where near us, it’s still a wonder. **


 * Third Paragraph: How Do Astronomers Study Them? **
 * When astronomers observe the wonder that is supernovas they actually are 100s or even 1000s of astronomers at the one time watching that supernova on different wavelengths watching that one spectacular event. They watch these spectacular events with optical telescopes, and most of us are familiar with them. The supernovas are measured not In how much mass it lets go of, or by how many planets are lost in the process of the explosion, but by how much light it emits. The light as seen from our planet is usually filtered through a massive amount of light filters from these measurements, they can determine how the luminosity, or brightness, and color of a supernova evolves, or, varies over time. **


 * Fourth Paragraph: Why Do Supernovas Occur? **
 * Stars like our sun are made up of lots of different gases like helium and hydrogen. Smaller suns like ours still create a lot of gravity and keep us in orbit; however, this gravity is what’s killing our sun. You see, the gravity that the sun creates is crushing the gas and creating a lot of heat. This is causing the hydrogen to burn and this is what makes suns shine. However, every single star only has a limited amount of hydrogen to burn, and when a massive star loses all its energy it gets crushed by a massive amount of gravity and then gets turned into a black hole. So there’s your answer. **

28 May 2010 []Last Changed 16/4/10 **
 * Fifth Paragraph: What Happens To A Supernova After It Happens? **
 * This answer is simple yet complicated, it was kind of explained already in my life of a star thing in the first paragraph. After it dies It will become A Supernovae nebula and attract younger stars, this makes the nebula shine. So when a supernova happens it creates more life, it makes other life. Its kind of like reincarnation in a sense. But I’m not going to get all religious, so I’m just saying that when a sun dies it creates new life. ** 28 may 2010 [|**http://imagine.gsfc.nasa.gov/docs/science/know_l2/supernovae.html**]** Last Changed November 2004
 * 31 May 2010 [] Last Changed January 1998 **
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 * 1 June 2010 [] Last Changed March 8 1998 **
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